President — election, powers, impeachment

President of India — overview

The President is the constitutional head of the Union. Real executive authority normally rests with the Council of Ministers.

Election (essentials)

• Electoral College: elected MPs (LS + RS) + elected MLAs of States (and relevant UTs)
• Proportional representation by single transferable vote; weighted votes
• Qualifying age: 35; citizen of India

Powers (map, don’t memorise every article)

• Executive — appoint PM/CoM, governors, etc. (aid and advice)
• Legislative — summon/prorogue, assent, ordinance (Art. 123)
• Judicial — pardons (Art. 72)
• Emergency — Arts. 352, 356, 360 (high-yield cluster)

Impeachment

• For violation of the Constitution
• Special majority process involving both Houses (Art. 61)

Summary

Election math + ordinance + emergency + impeachment = Prelims cluster. Keep PM–President relationship crystal clear.